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2016年河南成人高考学位英语模拟试题（一）

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Passage one:  It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases for the decisions we make and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory. Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includes not only “remembering” things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learns to swing a baseball bat. Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 “words”— ready for instant use. An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight. The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person’s memory is in terms of words and combinations of words.

 

16. According to the passage, memory is considered to be_________ .

A. the basis for decision making and problem solving  

 B. an ability to store experiences for future use

C. an intelligence typically possessed by human beings

 D. the data mainly consisting of words and combinations of words

 17. The comparison made between the memory capacity of a large computer and that of a human being shows that _________.

 A. the computer’s memory has a little bigger capacity than a teenager’s

B. the computer’s memory capacity is much smaller than an adult human being’s

C. the computer’s memory capacity is much smaller even than a teenager’s      D. both A and B

18. The whole passage implies that___________ .

A. only human beings have problem solving intelligence

B. a person’s memory is different from a computer’s in every respect

 C. animals are able to solve only very simple problems

D. animals solve problems by instincts rather than intelligence

19. The phrase “in terms of” in the last sentence can best be replaced by________ .  

A. in connection with     B. expressed by C. consisting            D. by means of

 20. The topic of the passage is _________.

A. what would life be like without memory        B. memory is of vital importance to life    

C. how is a person’s memory different from an animal’s or a computer’s    D. what is contained in memory

 

Passage two

 In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning. Psychologists have found that there are two basic processes by which learning takes place. One kind of learning is called “classical conditioning”. This occurs when one event or stimulus is continuously followed by a reward or punishment. It is through classical conditioning that a child learns to associate his mother’s face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion. The second kind of learning is called “operant conditioning”. This occurs when an individual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments. For example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. Thus, the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more.

Every day we grow and have new experience. We constantly learn by reading, watching TV, interacting with other people, and so forth. This learning affects our emotions. Why is it that we learn to like some people and dislike others? If a person is nice to us, cares about us, we learn to associate this person with positive feelings, such as joy, happiness and friendliness. On the other hand, if a person is mean to us, does not care about us and even deliberately does things to harm us, we learn to associate this person with negative feelings, such as unhappiness, discomfort, and anger.

21. The main purpose of this passage is to_______ .

A. teach children how to learn to produce and experience certain emotions

B. give the common reader a general description of two basic kinds of learning

C. give parents some advice on how to modify their children’s emotions through learning

D. discuss with psychologists how positive and negative feelings are produced

22. If your jokes often find a ready echo in a person, you will learn through __________ that telling jokes to this person is fun, and you will try with greater efforts to be humorous in his presence.

A. classical conditioning            B. operant conditioning

C. neither of them                    D. some other sorts of conditioning

23. If a child is bitten or startled several times by a dog, he may learn to associate furry animals with pain or startle and thus develop a fear of furry animals. This is a typical example of learning through_________ .

A. classical conditioning   B. operant conditioning     C. both of them          D. neither of them

24. In the third paragraph, the author is__________ .

 A. discussing how we grow and have new experience through operant conditioning

B. talking about learning to modify emotions through operant conditioning

C. concentrating on learning by reading, watching television, interacting with people and so on

 D. using examples to further illustrate learning through classical conditioning

25. In the following paragraphs the author will most likely go on discussing ___________ .

A. definition of positive feelings and negative feelings         B. the third kind of learning

C. further examples of learning through operant conditioning        D. none of the above

Passage three

College brings together people from all walks of life. There are so many different types of people in the world but if you go to a college campus, you are sure to find at least one of every kind. The great part about being here with so many different people is that you get to interact with some interesting characters and see how to deal with them. You will meet the people you dread the most, the smart ass, the brain, or the unique spirit, but no matter who it is that is your worst nightmare to be around you will always be paired up with them in a group project. When you get into the real world you are not going to be able to pick your boss or coworkers. Interacting with these people in college and living with different roommates will help you learn how to cooperate with the people in life you find so unpleasant. College life is fun. The fact that I have been here for a short time just means it has not yet been a life changing experience to me. If I were to give any tips on how to survive, it would not be how to survive college, but how to survive life. I would have to say that one should be outgoing and live life to the fullest. Meet new people whenever you can because they just may be a major influence in your life. Also, get your work done before you go out and party. Lastly, I would have to say, in life if you ever feel lost or alone, talk to someone about it. Everyone gets depressed at times in their life and there is always someone who will listen to your problems.

 26. What is the theme of the passage?

A. Relationships in college.    B. Homework in college. C. Freedom in college.        D. Partying in college.

27. What does the author say about group projects?

 A. They are always unpleasant.             B. They are always difficult.

C. Partners may not cooperate.              D. Partners may be lazy.

 28. Why does the author recommend meeting many new people?

A. They may become your best friends.               B. They may influence your life.

 C. They may help you someday.                        D. They make your life more fun.

29. How would you describe the author’s personality?

A. Shy and under confident.           B. Strong but quiet.

                  C. Extremely pessimistic.               D. Optimistic and outgoing.

30. What does the author say to do if you’re depressed?

A. Go somewhere by yourself.         B. Talk to someone about it.

C. Try to forget about it.                 D. See a psychologist immediately.

 Passage four

 Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourage international brotherhood. Not only there was the incident of tragedy involving murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor national contests. One country received its second place medals with visible anger after the hockey (曲棍球) final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to the final decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents’ victory was unfair. Their manager was in a rage when he said: “This isn’t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished.”The president of the Federation (联合会) said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years. The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended in disorder, it was thought at first that the United States had won by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the US had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. An appeal jury debated the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals. Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or in nonnational teams, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive (行为过分的) patriotism (爱国心).

31. The author thinks that in recent years Olympic Games have _______.

A. showed little international friendship           B. greatly encouraged international brotherhood

C. created goodwill between the nations          D. created only misunderstanding and hatred

32. What did the manager mean by saying “This isn’t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished”?

 A. This is not a standard hockey match.

B. The Federation would not exist any longer after this match was over.

C. His team would not enter the game in three years.

 D. The unfair decisions ruined both hockey and the Federation.

33. The basketball match showed that _______.

 A. the Russian team should not have taken advantage of the last three seconds.

B. aggressive patriotism was displayed in the incident.

 C. the appeal jury was too inefficient in making a decision.

D. the American team should have taken the first place.

34. The author gives 2 examples in the 2nd and the 3rd paragraphs in order to show that __________.

A. contests often end in disorder          B. no contests are fair in Olympic Games

C. competition discourages international friendship          D. unfair decisions are common in sports

35. Which statement best summarizes this passage?

A. Athletes should compete as individuals.

B. The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved.

C. Any team that has disrespectful behavior should be suspended.

D. Different teams often have disputes when fighting for the first place

Part Ⅲ  Vocabulary and Structure  

36. I have heard both teachers and students _______ well of him.

A. to speak    B. spoken   C. to have spoken   D. speak

 37. The house was very quiet,  _______as it was on the side of a mountain.

 A. isolated             B. isolating C. being isolated        D. having been isolated

38. Although they plant trees in this area every year, the tops of some hills are still _______.

 A. blank   B. hollow   C. vacant    D. bare

39. Being a pop star can be quite a hard life, with a lot of travelling _______ heavy schedules.

A. with regard to   B. as to   C. in relation to   D. owing to

40. Tony is very disappointed _______ the results of the exam. A. with   B. for   C. toward    D. on

41. The children went there to watch the iron tower_______ .

A. to erect  B. be erected   C. erecting    D . being erected

42. The goals _______ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

 A. after which  B. for which   C. with which    D. at which

43. The drunken driver exceeded the speed limit. But fortunately, I jumped back _______ to avoid being knocked down.         A. in time   B. on time  C. at time   D. of time

44. No one was interested in his lecture, ______ ?

A. weren’t they   B. wasn’t he  C . were they   D. was he

45. I think you are old enough to know _______ to spend all you money on fancy clothes.

A. other than   B. rather than    C. better than    D. more than

46. The environmental scientist had his findings _______ as soon as he finished _______ the air pollution. A. to be published, to investigate   B. published, to investigate

C. published, investigating        D. being published, investigating

47. Would you please _______ the word on the blackboard until after they have finished the exam?

A. not to write   B. not write   C. don’t write   D. don’t to write

48. Each study unit _______ fifteen sentences related to a meaningful situation

 A. consists   B. contains   C. comprises of   D. includes in

49. I _______ to return to Angles the magazines which I had borrowed from him.

A. promised  B. was promised   C. have promised  D. had promised

50. The American government promised to keep the Chinese government _______ of how the affair was going on.       A. to be informed     B. informed    C. on informing   D. informing

51. The government has _______ to improve the living conditions for the farmers.

A. accepted   B. allowed   C. agreed  D . affirmed

52. If you _______ yesterday’s lecture, you _______ how to write your thesis now.

A. attended, would have known       B. attended, would know

C. had attended, would know         D. have attended, would know

53. — Do you know the girl with long hair? —I don’t think so, although she ______ me of someone I know.

A. remembers     B. reminds    C. recalls    D. recollects  

54. Janet _______ get angry if you ask her stupid questions.

 A. tends to    B. attempts to     C. tempts to   D. temper to

55. If the pressure is not _______ immediately, there may be an explosion.

A. relieved     B. retreated    C. revealed   D. released

56. She had been kind to me, so I felt _______ to help her when she was in trouble.

A. detached    B. obliged  C. generous    D. virtuous

57. The music would stop at intervals, then ____after a while.

A. restore  B. recover  C. resume  D. assume

58. Many native speakers of English _______ grammatical rules.

 A. show indifference to      B. attach importance to C. are critical of            D. are ignorant of

59. New technology has _______ my old computer out of date.

      A. rendered   B. provided   C. worsened   D. converted

60. For her, happiness _______ competition and achievement.

A. results in  B. reaches for  C. consists of   D. consists in

61. You have spent your money in so free and unrestrained a way. I think you’ll have to _______ your expenses more or less.       A. cut off       B. cut down       C. cut out    D. cut across

62. Your teasing of the newly arrived young secretary has somewhat gone _______ a joke and I advise you to stop it.                A. against   B. by     C. over    D. beyond

63. Everybody was required to keep the future plan in _______.

A. safety    B. secret   C. security      D. secrecy

 64. I didn’t know what to do but then an idea suddenly _______ to me.  

A. occurred   B. appeared   C. happened      D. struck

65. Paul was very eager to see the star singer, and therefore he arrived at the spot of meeting an hour _______ of schedule.           A. in advance    B. in front   C. ahead    D. in excess

66. Until then, his family  _______from him for six months.

A. didn’t hear            B. hasn’t been hearing      C. hasn’t heard           D. hadn’t heard

67. The conference _______ a full week by the time it ends.

 A. must have lasted       B. will have lasted C. would last            D. has lasted

68. Students or teachers can participate in excursions to lovely beach around the island at regular _______. A. gaps   B. rate    C. length       D. intervals

69. Physics is _______ to the science which was called natural philosophy in history.

A. alike   B. equivalent   C. likely   D. uniform

70. There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _______ trouble.

 A. making   B. to make   C. to have made   D. having made

71. Nobody knows the age of the earth _______ certain.           A. by   B. in   C. with   D. for

72. They always _______ extra staff in the summer season.   A. put on    B. take in   C. put in   D. take on

73. My uncle rarely used to oversleep, _______ ?     A. did he   B. did not he   C . does he  D. doesn’t he

74. The writer _______ for five years.       A. died    B. has died   C. was dead   D. has been dead

75. I regret _______ harder at school.

     A. not to have worked   B. not having worked C. not have worked     D. having not worked

 Part Ⅳ    Cloze Test  

Our environment is getting worse and worse with the increase of the world population, which affects the environment in two ways. Firstly, the limited energy resources will be used  76  much faster. Secondly, the increasing population creates more pollution, another severe problem that needs 77. Both problems are long-term ones because actions 78 now show their results slowly over many years. They are also urgent because delays in action can lead to great suffering and social problems. The question seems to be difficult to handle for most people. However, a person can be a protector of environment in everyday life if he 79 actions to save the environment right now. With the development of technology, cars make transportation easier and quicker than before, but we can’t ignore the disadvantages brought to us by more and more cars in use. For example, we are consuming gasoline, which is a 80 resource, and will soon be gone. 81, the exhausted gas from cars pollutes our air, and our health is 82 threatened by air pollution, which has a big potential effect on our daily life. So we can consider walking, taking buses, carpooling (合用汽车), 83 driving cars alone. This seems to be a very slow process that can’t be so effective if it’s taken by a single person. But when more and more people become aware 84 the importance and positively take it as their personal responsibilities, the condition of the air will be improved 85 a great extent.

76. A. off   B. out   C. up   D .  for

77. A. to be solved   B. to solve   C. being solved   D. solved

78. A. taking   B. taken   C. to take   D. to be taken

 79. A. takes   B. performs   C. carry   D. accomplishes

80. A.non  renew    B. nonrenewed  C. non  renewing      D. nonrenewable

 81. A. Moreover  B. However   C. Beside   D. Therefore

82. A. as   B. therefore   C. such    D. consequent

83. A. instead   B. taking place of   C. in place of   D. instead of

84. A. off   B. that  C. of  D. against

85. A. to   B. in   C. on   D. by

Part Ⅴ Writing    Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition in no lessthan 120 words on China Needs Green Laws. Your composition must be based on the following outline:  

 Outline: 1. With the development of economy, environmental protection has become more and more important.   2. There are many factors that bring about pollution to us. 3. In China, it’s necessary to solve the problem by making green laws.

Part Ⅵ   Translation

86.Nor  do  I  recall  clearly  the  large  family  of  grandparents, aunts, uncles  and  cousins  who  gathered  next  door.

87.They  are  very  much  on  their  own  as  soon  as  they  have  agreed  with  the  boss  on  the  rate.

88. In  a  society  of  such  high  moral  practice, what  need  is  there  for  people  to  be  on  guard  against  others?

89.Unfortunately, they  also  promote  fast  food  which  fits  easily  into  busy  lifestyles.

90.Environments  where  passive  smoking  is  unavoidable  make  it  difficult  to  lead  a  healthy  life.

91.Now  American  researchers  think  they  are  close  to  developing  a  pill, which  help  people  forget  bad  memories.

 92.So  far  the  research  has  suggested  that  only  the  emotional  effects  of  memories  may  be  reduced, not  that  the  memories  are  erased.

 93.When  the  issue  of  smoking  at  the  workplace  is discussed, perhaps  the  most  important  problem  is  the  health  risk  that  smoking  causes  to  both  smokers  and  never-smokers.

 94.Indian  energy  officials  have  been  seeking  ways  to   use  less  imported  oil  to  provide  energy.

95.Clocks  operate  with  gears. So  do  cars   and  so  does  the  device  invented  by  the  Indian  scientists  to  produce  electricity.

参考答案

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension  16. B 17. C18. C 19. B 20. B21. B 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. B31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. B

Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure  36. D 37. A 38. D 39. D 40. A 41. D 42. B 43. A44. C45. C 46. C 47. B 48. B 49. A 50. B 51. C 52. C 53. B54. A55. D 56. B 57. C 58. A 59. A 60. D 61. B 62. D 63. D64. A65. C 66. B 67. D 68. D 69. B 70. B 71. D 72. D 73. A74. D75. B

Part Ⅳ Cloze Test    76.C 77. A 78. B 79. A 80. D 81. A 82. B 83. D 84. C85. A

 Part Ⅴ Writing   China Needs Green laws

 With the development of economy, environmental protection has become more and more important. It is known that pollution is very harmful to human beings. For example, polluted air does harm to our lungs and causes stinging eyes and running noses. Today, the economy develops very fast. However, the pollution is becoming more and more serious.   There are many factors that bring about pollution to us. Factory chimneys give out a lot of poisonous gases every day; waste water is poured into rivers, lakes and seas; solid garbage pollutes soil when thrown away; noise is also a kind of pollution and we’re always disturbed by it.   In China, it’s necessary to solve the problem by making green laws. It’s the key to reducing environmental pollution. Only in this way can we integrate environmental protection with economic growth and keep a balance between them. And only in this way can we have a better and cleaner environment in the future.

 Part Ⅵ   Translation 1. 我也记不清隔壁大家庭里的爷爷奶奶，叔叔阿姨，兄弟姐妹们。

2. 一旦他们与老板在工资上达成一致，他们就十分独立了。

 3. 在一个道德习俗如此高的社会里，人们哪还有必要提防他人？

 4. 不幸的是，他们也推动了与忙碌的生活节奏十分协调的快餐的发展。

5. 在被动吸烟不可避免的环境中，人们很难过上健康的生活。

 6. 现在美国研究者认为马上就可以发明出来一种药丸，能够帮助人们忘记坏的记忆。

7. 迄今为止，研究已经显示，能够被减少的只是记忆的情感影响，而不是记忆被删除。

 8. 当讨论工作场所吸烟的问题时，也许最重要的问题是，吸烟对吸烟者和不吸烟者的健康造成的伤害。

9. 印度能源官员已经在寻找能用较少的进口的石油来提供能源的方法。

10. 钟表是由齿轮来驱动的。汽车和这种印度科学家发明的发电设备也是一样的。